G6PD Deficiency and Medications: A Delicate Balance

Introduction

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited condition that affects red blood cells. People with G6PD deficiency lack sufficient levels of the G6PD enzyme, which plays a crucial role in protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. When exposed to certain triggers, these fragile cells can break down, leading to hemolytic anemia. Let’s explore the medications that can tip the balance and cause trouble for those with G6PD deficiency.

1. High-Risk Medications

a. Dapsone

• Purpose: Primarily used to treat leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis.
• Harmful Component: Dapsone can trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals.
• Usual Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and dark urine.

b. Methylene Blue

• Purpose: Used as a dye, antiseptic, and in certain medical procedures.
• Harmful Component: Methylene blue can cause rapid red blood cell destruction.
• Usual Symptoms: Anemia, shortness of breath, and dark urine.

c. Primaquine (Standard or High Dose)

• Purpose: An antimalarial drug.
• Harmful Component: Primaquine can lead to hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals.
• Usual Symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, and jaundice.

d. Rasburicase

• Purpose: Used to prevent or treat high uric acid levels in cancer patients.
• Harmful Component: Can cause hemolysis.
• Usual Symptoms: Anemia, fatigue, and dark urine.

e. Tafenoquine

• Purpose: Another antimalarial drug.
• Harmful Component: Can trigger red blood cell breakdown.
• Usual Symptoms: Fatigue, pallor, and jaundice.

f. Toluidine Blue

• Purpose: Used in medical diagnostics and staining.
• Harmful Component: Can lead to hemolysis.
• Usual Symptoms: Anemia, weakness, and dark urine.

2. Low-Risk Medications

While some medications pose risks, others are considered low risk for G6PD-deficient individuals. These include:

• Aspirin: Generally safe in low doses.
• Certain Antibiotics: Nitrofurantoin and sulfa drugs.
• Antimalarial Drugs: Chloroquine (with caution).
• Avoid Fava Beans: Favism (severe hemolytic anemia) can occur after consuming fava beans.

Remember, if you have G6PD deficiency, always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new medication. Awareness and caution are your allies in this delicate dance. You may also interact with people having G6PD Deficient individuals in FB. 💃🏼💊